EGFR突变是中国肺腺癌人群最常检出的可靶向驱动基因变异。近年来,随着对肿瘤分子生物学研究的不断深入,临床研究者对EGFR突变患者进一步细分。EGFR突变常发生在18-21号外显子,最常见的突变类型为19号外显子缺失突变和21号外显子L858R点突变,可达到80%以上。除此之外最常见的便是EGFR 20号外显子插入突变(EGFR exon 20ins),约占总体EGFR突变肺腺癌人群的6%,与经典突变患者的临床特征类似,常发生于女性、不吸烟的肺腺癌患者中[1-3]。
然而,不同于常见突变患者对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)敏感,EGFR exon 20ins患者对早期TKI表现为原发耐药,对一代TKI吉非替尼/厄洛替尼的客观缓解率(ORR)为0%,对二代TKI阿法替尼的ORR为11%,中位无进展生存期(PFS)小于2个月[4]。不过有研究显示,三代TKI奥希替尼对EGFR exon 20ins有一定的效果,ORR为25%,中位PFS为9.7个月[5]。
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