既往文献报告的实体瘤患者中MSI-H/dMMR占比约为5%-15%,不同瘤种及分期患者比例差异较大[1]。随着基因检测逐渐普及,不断有来自临床一线的最新数据,明确MSI-H/dMMR患者在消化道肿瘤、乃至全部实体瘤患者中的占比。例如不久前发表在Frontiers in Oncology的一项回顾性研究[2],德国研究者检测了一所大型中心1965例手术切除的胃肠道及肝胆胰系统腺癌样本,其中共82例检出MSI-H/dMMR,整体检出率为4.2%。在不同类型的消化道肿瘤中,MSI-H/dMMR的检出率也有显著差别,被检出的样本主要集中在结直肠癌和胃癌中,检出率分别为8.5%和8.3%,而检出率较低的胰腺、食管和肝内胆管仅为0-1.9%;而全部82例检出MSI-H/dMMR的患者中,仅有9例患者的国际抗癌联盟(UICC)分期属于4期,这也为临床中MSI/MMR的检测提示了重点患者人群。图1 不同部位MSI-H/dMMR肿瘤的检出率这项最新研究报告的数据,也与此前我国的临床数据相符,例如2019年一项对900余例我国患者实体瘤样本进行的检测显示,MSI-H/dMMR的整体检出率约为4.53%,同样集中在结直肠癌和胃癌[3];另一项纳入600例结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌和子宫内膜癌(各150例)患者样本的分析也提示类似趋势,且样本检出MSI-H的患者疾病分期基本都在早期,无存在远处转移的患者(IV期),但这也与IV期患者手术切除少、肿瘤样本获取难有关[4]。总而言之,以上数据提示MSI-H/dMMR在消化道肿瘤中的占比不低,应该对患者常规开展相关检测,且免疫治疗有着战线前移,治疗早期患者的必要。而在治疗晚期转移性患者时,PD-1抑制剂帕博利珠单抗、PD-L1单抗恩沃利单抗等国内外免疫治疗药物,都已体现较显著的获益,也为免疫治疗拓宽在MSI-H/dMMR实体瘤中的应用奠定了基础。
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